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Constitution of India · Section Article 25

Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion

Article 25 — Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion

  1. Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.—(1) Subject to public order, morality and health and to the other provisions of this Part, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right freely to profess, practice and propagate religion. (2) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any existing law or prevent the State from making any law—
  • (a) regulating or restricting any economic, financial, political or other secular activity which may be associated with religious practice;
  • (b) providing for social welfare and reform or the throwing open of Hindu religious institutions of a public character to all classes and sections of Hindus. Explanation I.—The wearing and carrying of kirpans shall be deemed to be included in the profession of the Sikh religion. Explanation II.—In sub-clause (b) of clause (2), the reference to Hindus shall be construed as including a reference to persons professing the Sikh, Jaina or Buddhist religion, and the reference to Hindu religious institutions shall be construed accordingly.

Plain English Summary

This article guarantees every person the freedom to believe whatever they want (freedom of conscience) and the right to openly practice, follow, and share their chosen religion. However, this freedom is not absolute and must be balanced against public order, morality, and health.

Key Points

  • Everyone has the fundamental right to hold any belief or conscience.
  • People are free to practice, worship, and spread their religion.
  • This freedom is subject to maintaining public order, morality, and health.
  • The State can make laws to regulate religious activities or promote social welfare reforms.

Why It Matters

This article ensures religious freedom for all citizens while setting necessary limits to prevent actions that disrupt society or violate public safety.

Landmark Judgements

No major landmark judgements.

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