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Constitution of India · Section Article 39

Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State

Article 39 — Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State

State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing—

  • (a) that the citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood;

  • (b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good;

  • (c) that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment;

  • (d) that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women;

  • (e) that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength;

  • (f) that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.] 39A. Equal justice and free legal aid.—The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.]

Plain English Summary

This article tells the government that it must create policies to ensure fairness in society. This includes making sure everyone has a chance to earn a living, resources are shared fairly, and there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women. Furthermore, the legal system must provide free help to everyone seeking justice.

Key Points

  • The State must ensure all citizens have an adequate means of livelihood.
  • Resources should be distributed so that they benefit the common good, not just a few people.
  • The economic system should prevent wealth from becoming too concentrated.
  • There must be equal pay for equal work for men and women.
  • Children's health, development, and protection from exploitation are guaranteed.

Why It Matters

This article sets out fundamental goals for the government to ensure social and economic justice for all citizens. It acts as a directive for the state to manage resources and labor in a way that benefits society as a whole.

Landmark Judgements

No major landmark judgements.

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