Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc
Article 348 — Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc
- Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, until Parliament by law otherwise provides—
- (a) all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court;
- (b) the authoritative texts—
- (i) of all Bills to be introduced or amendments thereto to be
moved in either House of Parliament or in the House or either
House of the Legislature of a State;
- (ii) of all Acts passed by Parliament or the Legislature of a State and of all Ordinances promulgated by the President or the Governor 1*** of a State; and
- (iii) of all orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws issued under this Constitution or under any law made by Parliament or the Legislature of a State, shall be in the English language. (2) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (a) of clause (1), the Governor 1*** of a State may, with the previous consent of the President, authorise the use of the Hindi language, or any other language used for any official purposes of the State, in proceedings in the High Court having its principal seat in that State:
Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any judgment, decree or order passed or made by such High Court. (3) Notwithstanding anything in sub-clause (b) of clause (1), where the Legislature of a State has prescribed any language other than the English language for use in Bills introduced in, or Acts passed by, the Legislature of the State or in Ordinances promulgated by the Governor 1*** of the State or in any order, rule, regulation or bye-law referred to in paragraph (iii) of that sub-clause, a translation of the same in the English language published under the authority of the Governor 1*** of the State in the Official Gazette of that State shall be deemed to be the authoritative text thereof in the English language under this article.
Plain English Summary
This article primarily states that all official proceedings in the Supreme Court and High Courts, along with important legal documents like Acts and rules, must be in English unless Parliament specifically changes this rule. However, a State Governor can allow another language for official purposes in their High Court, but this does not affect the final judgments made by the court.
Key Points
- All proceedings in the Supreme Court and High Courts must be in English until Parliament makes a different law.
- Authoritative texts of all Bills, Acts, Ordinances, and rules must be in English.
- A State Governor can authorize the use of Hindi or another local language for official purposes in their High Court proceedings, provided the final judgment remains valid.
- If a State legislature prescribes a language other than English for its laws, an English translation published by the Governor is considered the official text.
Why It Matters
This article establishes English as the primary official language for the highest courts and legal documents across India, ensuring uniformity in legal communication nationwide.
Landmark Judgements
No major landmark judgements.